LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is a network protocol that uses LoRa technology to communicate and manage LoRa devices, uses Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks, is flexible to solve diverse and varied problems, thanks to its P2P (peer to peer) connection topologies. is a type of connection for communication between applications), it is possible to send data over long distances (up to 10 kM), using little energy and applying algorithms security to protect the data being transmitted.
Thanks to its long range and low consumption, this technology is very popular in the implementation of distributed sensor systems in areas of difficult access.
It is used mainly in Smart Cities (intelligent cities), sites with low or no cell coverage, to provide communications to devices in the fields of agricultural or livestock farms, additionally it is used to build private networks of sensors and / or actuators.
It is highly compatible to be able to implement own IoT networks.
While NB_IoT networks are licensed coexisting with GSM, GPRS and LTE technologies, so they use the infrastructure of mobile operators, while for LoRaWAN technologies they are unlicensed technologies so they need their own communications infrastructure.
LoRaWAN propose networks with low data transfer rates and low requirements in terms of latency in data transmission, it is an open technology that any company can adhere to to deploy its own private network.
SCADA SYSTEM
A SCADA (Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition) system is a software that is used to control elements and thus be able to supervise industrial processes remotely, and practically any sector in all phases of the process. Therefore, thanks to this software, data that has been collected from different sensors, equipment and PLCs can be integrated, all from one place.
It greatly facilitates feedback to field devices in real time, while automatically controlling the process.
This type of software constitutes an advance of great impact in industrial automation, it allows graphically illustrating production processes on screen and creating alarms and warnings in real time, for confident and full management of the process to be controlled.
SCADA software processes, distributes, and displays the data, helping operators and other employees analyze the data and make important decisions.
The SCADA system's ability to report problems helps to resolve them quickly, and prevent further product loss.
There are three main elements in the SCADA system,
RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). Each RTU is connected to a physical device, and is responsible for collecting all the information on its status.
Communication. Communication brings that information from the various plant sites to a central location. Communication within a plant is done through cable or fiber optics, or wireless systems.
HMI (human-machine interface). The HMI is fundamentally a PC system running powerful graphics programs. The HMI displays this information in an easy to understand graphical form. Archive the received data. Transmit alarms. It also allows for operator control as needed.
TELEMETRY
Telemetry is a set of procedures to measure physical and chemical magnitudes from a distant position.
It is an automated technique of communications with the help of which measurements and data collection are done in remote locations and transmitted for surveillance.
Sending information to the operator in a telemetry system is typically done by wireless communication, although it can also be done by other means (telephone, computer networks, fiber optic link, etc.).
The telemetry systems receive the instructions and data necessary to operate through the Control Center.
A telemetry system typically consists of a transducer as an input device, a transmission medium in the form of cable lines or radio waves, signal processing devices, and data recording or display devices. The transducer converts a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure or vibrations into a corresponding electrical signal, which is transmitted over a distance for measurement and recording purposes.
The most important uses of telemetry include weather, monitoring power generation plants, and tracking manned and unmanned flights.